Vincennes University is a university in Vincennes, Indiana in the United States. It is the oldest university north of the Ohio River and west of the Alleghenies. It was founded in 1801 as Jefferson Academy and incorporated as Vincennes University on November 29, 1806. Founded by William Henry Harrison, VU is one of only two U.S. colleges founded by a President of the United States (the other is the University of Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson). VU is currently the only two-year university in Indiana.

In the mid 1800's, the Indiana state legislature tried to re-claim the original VU land grant, to be used for what would become Indiana University. The resulting lawsuit ( Trustees for Vincennes University v Indiana, 1853) ended up being heard by the US Supreme Court, who decided in VU's favor, based on its earlier decision in a similar case regarding Dartmouth University.